Biden to sign ocean shipping reform bill after Congress approves legislation

“The passage of OSRA is the result of five years of intensive efforts by U.S. agriculture exporters and importers to gain effective control over out of control ocean carrier practices. But it is not a culmination. It is the beginning of the next steps in which the Federal Maritime Commission increases its role as the agency Congress has empowered to protect and advance the interests of the U.S. shipping public.”

ATA President and CEO Chris Spear said the FMC will now be able to address “unjustified and illegal fees” charged to truckers by ocean carriers – “fees that have contributed to the shipping lines raking in $150 billion in profits just last year. Those fees hurt American motor carriers and consumers – helping to drive record inflation.”

NRF sees the potential for the legislation to address port congestion as well as inflation.

“Making OSRA federal law helps to address the long-standing, systemic supply chain and port disruption issues that existed well before the pandemic by providing the [FMC] the additional authorities it needs,” NRF Sr. Vice President of Government Relations David French said in a statement.

“These improvements come at a time when inflation has reached a 40-year high. NRF has championed the effort to pass OSRA as one of the steps necessary to ‘Lower Inflation Now’ and ease pressure on American businesses, workers and consumers.”

The legislation updates the Shipping Act of 1984, as amended in 1998. The 40-page Senate bill passed on Monday had increased from its initial 17 pages when it was introduced in February after additional provisions were added during the Senate’s markup process in March.

Still, carriers consider the legislation less onerous than the House OSRA bill, which would have given the FMC power to mandate how carriers manage their import and export container capacity. The Senate bill, on the other hand, is less proscriptive because it gives the FMC more flexibility to consider carrier concerns.

Among the bill’s provisions, it will:

• Prohibit ocean carriers from unreasonably declining shipping opportunities for U.S. exports, as determined by the FMC in new required rulemaking.
• Shift the burden of proof regarding the reasonableness of detention or demurrage charges from the invoiced party to the ocean carrier.
• Require ocean common carriers to report to the FMC each calendar quarter on total import/export tonnage and twenty-foot equivalent units (loaded/empty) per vessel that call ports in the United States.
• Establish new authority for the FMC to register shipping exchanges. 
• Study intermodal chassis pool best practices to deal with chassis supply and positioning issues.

The legislation boosts the FMC’s funding levels from $32.9 million in 2022 to $49.2 million in 2025 – a 50% increase over four years – to help the agency increase the staff needed for its expanded oversight of the container trades.

“This bill provides needed and overdue updates to the laws the Federal Maritime Commission enforces,” commented FMC Chairman Daniel Maffei. 

“These changes will have a beneficial effect on how U.S. shippers are served and will bring more accountability to how ocean cargo services are provided. We will move promptly to implement the steps necessary to bring shippers the benefits of this legislation, beginning with the rulemaking addressing export shipments.” 

The World Shipping Council, which represents the world’s largest container line operators, said in a statement that it looks forward to engaging with the FMC to help implement OSRA’s provisions.

The group took issue, however, with recent assertions from President Biden that a lack of competition among ocean carriers is to blame for inflation, high consumer costs and supply chain disruptions — for which Biden and others consider OSRA to be a remedy.

“We are appalled by the continued mischaracterization of the industry by U.S. government representatives and concerned about the disconnect between hard data and inflammatory rhetoric,” WSC stated.

“The increased rate levels we have seen over the past years are a function of demand outstripping supply and landside congestion, exacerbated by pandemic-related disruption. Until the import congestion is remedied, export congestion will persist. Ocean carriers continue to move record volumes of cargo and have invested heavily in new capacity — America needs to make the same commitment and invest in its landside logistics infrastructure.”

Related articles:

• Congress is voting soon to overhaul the shipping industry. Here’s what you need to know
• Biden slams ocean carriers ahead of Port of LA speech
• New legislation would strip ocean carrier antitrust protections

Click for more FreightWaves articles by John Gallagher.